Winter Health and Safety with Dr. Samina Naseer

Dr. Samina Naseer

Dr. Naseer-

Extreme cold, high winds, wet clothing, and poor planning all contribute to cold-weather injury. If you are planning outdoor activities, check weather forecasts frequently and don't ignore warnings about storms and other inclement conditions. Avoid sports activities -- such as hiking or camping in freezing weather -- that are beyond your experience level.

 Also:

• Wear adequate clothing. Several layers of clothing, with the innermost layer being a fabric that wicks moisture from the skin. The outer layer should serve as a windbreaker.
• Mittens provide more protection than gloves. Wearing two pairs of socks is advised, with wool recommended for the outer later. And don't forget a hat and scarf that covers the ears.
• Get moving. Increasing physical activity will help your body stay warm. Wiggle fingers and toes if they start to feel numb.
• Don't drink alcohol before or during cold weather exposure, since alcohol may prevent you from realizing that your body is becoming too cold.
• Don't smoke. Smoking constricts blood vessels and increases the risk for frostbite.
• It is a good idea to keep a cold-weather emergency kit in your car with extra layers of clothing, socks, mittens and a blanket.

 What causes frostbite and how can it be treated?

Dr. Naseer -

Frostbite is caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, particularly when accompanied by a low wind-chill factor or by more brief exposure to very cold temperatures.

If you do suffer from frostbite, get out of the cold and get out of wet clothing as soon as possible and remove all constrictive jewelry and clothing. Then immerse the affected area in warm, but not hot, water. If water is not available, warm the tissue with body heat. For example, warm your hands by tucking them into your armpits and warm your nose, ears, or face by covering them with dry hands.

 Do not:

• Thaw the frostbitten tissue if there is a chance that it will refreeze before you get medical attention, as this increases the likelihood of permanent damage.
• Rub or massage frostbitten skin or disturb blisters, which can further damage tissue.
• Use direct dry heat, like heating pads or a campfire to thaw frostbitten tissue.

Many people with frostbite may also be experiencing hypothermia (body temperature that is too low), which can be deadly. This is why it is so important to seek medical attention immediately.

What is the difference between a cold and the flu?

Dr. Naseer-

It's important to know the difference between flu and cold symptoms. A cold is a milder respiratory illness than the flu. While cold symptoms can make you feel bad for a few days, flu symptoms can make you feel quite ill for a few days to weeks. The flu -- whether it's typical seasonal flu or the swine flu virus -- can result in serious health problems such as pneumonia and hospitalization.

For more information on Dr. Naseer and Pittsburgh's Primary Care Center, please call 412-847-7580 or visit www.thecarecenters.org. Dr. Naseer offers complete, comprehensive care for families through all stages of life.